Who Am I? :: essays research papers

I am a caring mother, a dedicated accomplice, an unwavering companion and a committed youngster. Love and Family are essential to me, and I battle to discover time for all my friends and family, for without these prized connections, my life would be good for nothing. I am a pioneer on a journey of self-awareness, continually looking for truth and information, continually yearning to go to places obscure, regardless of whether genuinely or profoundly. I accept that the entirety of our encounters help us to be the individual we were bound to be, in this manner, we ought to be grateful for our errors just as our triumphs, and live our lives without any second thoughts. I am a negotiator, battling to keep the harmony with each one of everyone around me. I accept that we are for the most part siblings and sisters, offspring of a similar perfect force. At times I become disillusioned with society, the condition of the world, and how individuals treat one another, and it disheartens me to the point that I need to stop myself so I won't need to see it. I am a profound being. I accept that we can each discover a bit of paradise inside ourselves in the event that we look sufficiently hard. Despite the fact that I'm not a devotee of any one religion, I am lenient and tolerating all things considered. I accept that what the Christians call "God", the Native Americans call "The Great Spirit", the devotees of Islam call "Allah", and the Buddhists perceive as basically "the Void", are 6 of one, half a dozen of another, various translations of the awesome force that lives in and around us all. I am a free soul. I like to go where the breeze takes me. I love to swim in the sea and take a gander at the moon. I love to ride on a dashing pony's back and feel the breeze in my hair. Here and there the duties of work and family cause me to be malcontented and exhausted with life. I have settled on awful options, and picked to escape from this dissatisfaction and fatigue with the utilization of specific substances.

Analysis of Visuals Communication

Question: Talk about the Analysis of Visuals Communication. Answer: In the publicizing scene the necessary chore thought is inspired. The end is higher consideration drawn and implies are the ads. The promoters have used both the generalizations and the countertypes of sexual orientation for an exceptionally prolonged stretch of time; this is done to draw consideration, challenge generalizations, acknowledge generalizations, present countertype components and so on. (Ferrel Hartline, 2010) In the given picture the visual and literary components are: A regular person wearing womens apparel Youngster in his arms is held in a way that isn't happy The instant message is written in plain white with Women featured in pink The whole picture is dim tons The conventional jobs of the ladies are fortified; for example kid bearing and family unit jobs. The point of the publicist was to pose inquiries and invigorate thinking. In this specific ad the sponsor has featured the least complex organic truth that without ladies proliferation would be testing. The men holding the youngster isn't exceptionally advantageous for the kid himself representing that the men don't have protective abilities. The protective idea of the ladies is apparent here, might be the sponsor needed to engage the ladies however the possibility that is produced here is that the world without ladies would be discouraged. The composed lady words featured in pink is a component that fortifies the way that young ladies are pink and young men are blue (Scott, 2010) (Stocchetti Kukkonen, 2011). The point of the sponsor was unquestionably to feature that the ladies are basic forever. Without ladies there will undoubtedly be no life and in this manner proposed to feature the significance of the ladies sexual orientation. The moms are the ones who guarantee the development of the people to come. This sponsor is a garments brand consequently it tends to be said that the promoter needed to target ladies and express that they are basic forever and vital, and significant. The decision of the picture do appears to be provocative and the intension behind was to draw in clients peaceful consideration. This procedure of utilizing provocative imaging has been utilized by publicists to increase continuous consideration and hold it. It has been expressed that utilization of provocative pictures lays an enduring effect on ones brain (Solomon, Hughes, Chitty, Marshall, Stuart, 2013) This has been the goal and however it was viable in getting the continuous consideration of the clients the publicists neglected to obviously convey their message since they have concentrated on customary jobs of ladies and such imaging incites socially one-sided sees on ladies. References Ferrel, O. C., Hartline, M. (2010). Promoting Strategy. Cengage Learning. Scott, D. H. (2010). Poetics of the Poster: The Rhetoric of Image-content. Liverpool University Press. Solomon, M., Hughes, A., Chitty, B., Marshall, G., Stuart, E. (2013). Promoting: Real People, Real Choices. Pearson Higher Education AU. Stocchetti, M., Kukkonen, K. (2011). Pictures being used: Towards the basic investigation of visual correspondence. John Benjamins Publishing.

15 Ways to Enjoy Summer When Youre Stuck at Work

15 Ways to Enjoy Summer When Youre Stuck at Work They say you never realize what you have until you lose it. If you can recall all those long summer vacations you’ve spent playing with your friends each day all day long, or how you used to visit your grandparents and go with your family on the beach each weekend, you probably can relate to the statement.All those summer holidays that seemed endless â€" even got you bored at some point (you actually can have too much fun) sadly came to an end once you were done with your studies. Then came this period of your life where you actually get to act like an adult and go to work every day.Usually it’s interesting, but on summer days, this doesn’t make you much satisfied. You would rather be joining your friends on tropical destinations, getting yourself tanned and having no worries. Do not despair anymore, as there is a way for you to enjoy the summer season even if you are stuck at work!Here are the 15 things that don’t require much of your effort but can help you a lot enjoy your working hours this summer.15 WAYS TO ENJOY SUMMER WHEN YOURE STUCK AT WORK1. Get up earlyThe first thing you should do is make yourself get up early. The sun rises earlier during the summer so there is no reason for you not to follow it and do the same. By getting up before you actually need to, you grant yourself much needed time to enjoy the weather and get the feeling that you are on vacation.Use these hours to do something you usually do on summer holidays â€" read a book while you are tanning at your balcony, go for a swim in the nearest sports center or just enjoy peaceful morning with your favorite ice coffee.2. Eat freshOn your way back from work, make sure you stop by the green market and buy all the fresh fruits and vegetables you can get. Treat yourself by using the ultimate summer gift and eat completely fresh ingredients.Every day, dedicate one period of time to prepare fresh salads and juices you would usually eat or drink on a day by the beach. Bring these meals to w ork and enjoy your lunch break as if you were eating at the beach restaurant.Your body will be grateful to you, as you will feel light and fresh, but most importantly, it is your mind that will be thanking you for bringing summer feel to a daily activity.3. Go for a walkGo for a walk. As much as you can, whenever you can. In the morning, in the evening, when you go to work, when you return from work. Make sure you feel the summer breeze and you soak in the atmosphere that you can later adjust to your office.It has been proven that walking helps you feel better in your own skin and also be more productive at the work. Bear this in mind the next time you are wondering whether you should go for a walk or stay in.It’s nice to go with some of your friends outdoors and chat about stuff that is not related to work. These types of conversation help you relax and clear your mind from all the worries. From time to time, it’s good to change your company though.Another example of a highly r ecommended company is yourself. Go alone for a walk from and dare to be alone with your thoughts. You will feel much more energized and focused on your goal. Use this time to remember why you’ve started this job in the first place and what you want to achieve.It will help you feel more motivated and empowered while staying in the office.4. Become activeWe all love summer because we get active and it results with all of us looking amazing by the end of it. Even though you are stuck in your office during the day, there’s no reason for you not to become sporty.Use a couple of days during the week to do some sports activity. It can be anything â€" from going for a run, hitting up the gym (we recommend the outdoors one if you have it anywhere near you) or organizing some sports plays with your friends.The ultimate thing for you to do during the summer is actually going swimming. You can choose your local poolside or drive yourself to the nearest lake (or seaside â€" if you are lucky to live near one) for a swim.This will definitely help you feel like you are enjoying your summer and not missing out anything. On the contrary, you’ve managed to enjoy hot days by the water and also crash your career goals.5. Dress accordinglyDon’t you love how summer makes you dress like it’s flower parade or you’re a living walking palm tree? Jokes on the side, the good news is that you can still keep those patterns, even though you’re going to work you’ll just need a small adjustment.More and more designers and fashion stores are adapting to a global trend of working during the summer (you’re not alone!) and therefore are producing clothes that are suitable for work, but still have exotic and tropical patterns.So don’t be afraid to awaken summer fashion setter in you, people from your work environment will start to feel better too!6. Bring some flowersBy this, we don’t only mean you, but also believe that it can be very useful and have a positive impact on you if you bring flowers to your office.They say dogs are human’s best friend, but right after them are plants. Not only that they look nice, but also impact positively on our health and well-being. It’s not a coincidence that people who take care after plants live longer and more fulfilling lives.In accordance with summer, we advise you to find your favorite flowers in the garden or in garden centers and find a new home for them â€" your office.Your work environment will get a complete transformation and you’ll start to feel better in no time. Be prepared for the compliments you’ll get from your co-workers, as well as the fact that soon everybody will bring their own flower pot to the work.If you are allergic to flowers or some specific herbs, try avoiding them and finding the suitable one. If you are not certain about the choice, don’t hesitate to ask people who study plants and are familiar with that.7. Organize your officeMaybe you can’t be exactly at the beach right no w, but you can bring the beach to your office. Whether you already have some interesting sea souvenirs or you’re about to haunt them in the stores, you’ll enjoy re-organizing your workplace!Start with adding something that reminds you of summer holidays, and then continue with whatever makes you feel like you are on vacation and the work you do is completely your choice.You can change wallpaper on your work computer and set a beautiful picture of the ocean and if your work environment allows you, play some music that reminds you of the summer while working.8. Bring in that summer scentIt may sound weird, but when we say “summer scent”, you probably feel it in your nose. Whichever smell that is â€" the smell of the ocean, smell of the beach, fresh fruits, coconut or maybe even something else, there is a high chance you will find that odor in the supermarket or some specialized shop.If you can’t afford to go swimming right now, at least you can afford to trick your senses in to believing that you are. What a wonderful thing is to finish a report you’ve been assigned while sensing a compelling coconut aroma!9. Outdoor breaksSince your body is craving that summer sunshine and warm feeling on your skin, you should take every chance you get to experience it. Have you thought of moving your lunch break to the park near your office?It doesn’t have to be a park. Some companies have balconies where employees can spend time during the breaks and enjoy the view and fresh air. For starters, try eating outside and see how it goes. Do you get a feeling that you are on a picnic, enjoying your day?That’s what we’re aiming for. Perfect lunch outside can help you fresh up your day, energize and get back to work ready to rock. Especially if you are eating with your colleagues and enjoying a little chit-chat.If you want and have an ability to do that, you could actually make a picnic. Organize your colleagues, prepare some food together and bring it to work. In th e lunch break, head to the nearest park, lake or wood and enjoy your meal in nature. You can put some music on and truly relax!10. Take advantage of the summer in officeThe season changed and everybody in the company feels it â€" most probably everybody in the company has read this article or is about to read it. The thing that you are stuck in your office doesn’t necessarily have to be bad.When a group of people experiences a big change together, that leads to them developing similar perspective and common feeling toward the change. This can be a solid base for building relationships and strong connections among the colleagues.Next time you start feeling like you shouldn’t be there, instead of fighting off that feeling, talk with your co-workers. Maybe some of them feel that way too, and maybe someone has already found a way to stop those kinds of thoughts and turn them into something positive.This can help you develop a strong relationship with your co-workers and also a boss, which leads to a better atmosphere at work, which results in you and everybody else enjoying the work much more.In the end â€" remember why you are there and what you want to achieve. Spending time in the office during the summer while your friends are taking it slow is something they should be jealous of, not you. You’re the one who is making progress, so use every minute you have wisely and try to learn as much as possible. It will help you kick-start your career.11. Start a new traditionIf you are having difficulties following your daily routine at work due to the hot temperature, make some changes. Think about what you would really like to do now and connect it with your work.The easiest way to do this by connecting with your colleagues. For example, if you are up for enjoying your Friday afternoon in a nice company, start inviting your colleagues for a round of drinks each Friday after work.That’s a simple way to start a new tradition that could mean a lot for each of you. Instead of just running off from the work when the clock ticks 5. P.M. just lead your co-workers into switching to some other, more fun activity.This way you are making great memories with people you see each day at the work, which makes you look at everything you do on your job more appealing.12. Cool yourself with frozen stuffYes. Enjoy them. Both drinks and ice cream. And not only at home or at the bar. Enjoy them at your work!Use mini breaks to prepare some ice cold smoothies for you and your colleagues. Don’t forget to use nature’s gift and include all the fresh fruits out there.Better yet, instead of grabbing a coffee from a machine, prepare ice cold latte for everybody at the office. Imagine researching for a new assignment while you drink your favorite summer coffee, full of ice and all the flavors you like! Perfect!In case you have (and you probably do) a fridge with a freezer in your office kitchen, make a good use of it this summer. Bring ice cream to your work. What says summer more than enjoying nice chocolate ice cream on a sunny day?13. Find yourself a projectWhy looking at the job during summer as something you don’t want to be a part of? If you are just not motivated to do everything you usually do during the summer season, find something that will motivate you.Let’s turn going to job your choice and find something that will make you glad that you stayed that summer in the office working on important stuff.Is there something you always wanted to the on the job, but never had enough time or just didn’t think the moment was right? Guess what, this moment now is the best moment ever to do that.Think about what your company needs and how could you contribute to it. Maybe you want to come up with a work system that will enable each employee to go on a summer vacation, by next summer? Who knows, you have all the power in your hands and what you find important, you’ll make happen.Not only that you will be super motivated to go to the off ice and continue your work, but also, you will impress your boss and have a chance of getting a promotion, due to this extra project you found for yourself.14. Don’t work over-dueThis is important. Unless you have to, don’t work over-due. Even if you take an extra project and become eager to work. Still, find some time to rest and enjoy the summer afternoons.It’s all about the balance. As much as it’s important to work, it’s also really important to find some time for yourself â€" before work and also after work.Heading to the office on a hot summer day is not that tough as it seems in our heads, but also there’s no reason not to use those free hours to do everything we would usually do if we were on vacation. This “me time” is necessary so we can recharge our batteries and get ready for new challenges.15. Make weekends your vacationYes, it’s weekend! Even though you don’t have a full vacation, nobody prevents you from having a 2 day holiday each weekend. Actuall y, we are encouraging you to do so!Studies show that people who take breaks from work regularly are not only less stressed, but also much better employees. You don’t have to be working 24/7 for somebody to notice you. It is the final thing that matters the most.Use every weekend wisely. Whenever you are able, go somewhere for a weekend off. Sometimes it only takes us to change a location, to start to feel the change in ourselves.If you can’t afford to leave the city that much, enjoy your free time in the city. Don’t check your e-mail, don’t return unnecessary calls and don’t stress about things that are out of your control, such as being stuck at work during summer.Make the best out of each day and you’ll start to feel better immediately.FINAL WORDWhether you absolutely love your job or you’re just doing this temporarily, you’ll get the feeling of wanting to be somewhere else eventually.Don’t let this feeling overwhelm you, because working in the summer is not that tough as it seems, and as you can notice in everything mentioned above, there are lots of interesting things you can do to make your summer more enjoyable.And remember â€" it is not facts that determine the way we feel, but our reaction to the facts. So be thankful that you have an amazing job, and make it even more amazing with everything you’ve learned right now!

PHP Web Page Redirect Script

A PHP forwarding script is useful if you want to redirect one page to another so that your visitors can reach a different page than the one they land on. Fortunately, its really easy to forward with PHP. With this method,  you seamlessly transfer visitors from the web page that no longer exists to the new page without requiring them to click a link to continue. How to Redirect With PHP On the page that you want to redirect elsewhere, change the PHP code to read like this:   The  header()  function sends a raw HTTP header. It must be called before any output is sent, either by normal HTML tags, by PHP,  or by blank lines. Replace the URL in this sample code  with the URL of the page where you want to redirect visitors. Any page is supported, so you can transfer  visitors to a different webpage on your own site or to a different website entirely. Because this includes the  header()  function, be sure  that you do not have any text sent to the browser before this code, or it will not work. Your safest bet is to remove all the content from the page except for the redirect code. When to Use a PHP Redirect Script If you remove one of your web pages, its a good idea to set up a redirect so that anyone who bookmarked that page is transferred automatically to an active, updated page on your website. Without the PHP forward, visitors would remain on the dead, broken, or inactive page. The benefits of this PHP script are as follows: Users are redirected quickly and seamlessly.When the  Back  button is clicked, visitors  are  taken to the last viewed page, not the redirect page.The redirect works on all web browsers. Tips for Setting up a Redirect Remove  all code but this redirect script.Mention on the new page that users should update their links and bookmarks.Use this code to create a drop-down menu that redirects users.

What Everyone Else Does When It Comes to Pte Academic Writing Essay Topics Samples and What You Need to Be Doing Different

What Everyone Else Does When It Comes to Pte Academic Writing Essay Topics Samples and What You Need to Be Doing Different The History of Pte Academic Writing Essay Topics Samples Refuted You're basically attempting to win acceptance of your ideas from folks who might not necessarily agree with your perception on a particular thing. The terrible thing about an outline is it limits your novel's possibilities and might enable you to get hopelessly stuck. The very first thing you ought to learn about writing a novel is there are no easy answers. Outline whatever you know more about the topic. Whatever They Told You About Pte Academic Writing Essay Topics Samples Is Dead Wrong...And Here's Why Some men and women think women ought to be given equal opportunities to work and excel in their careers. Many people choose to compose persuasive essays about things they believe aren't perfect. 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The United States of America, 1919 †1941 †Sources Question Free Essays

(a) (i) President Hoover thought that the causes of the Depression of the à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½29 weren’t because of the USA lending money to Germany, or because of the Daweà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s Plan, or any other reason that might blame the USA. He thought that all the other countries had the fault or were to be blamed because of the Depression of the à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½29. I think that he thought that way because as he was President from the USA, he was obviously going to defend his country and say that his country had been a victim of all the other countries and problems of other parts of the world. We will write a custom essay sample on The United States of America, 1919 – 1941 – Sources Question or any similar topic only for you Order Now (ii) In source B, the historian who wrote that thinks almost completely different than President Hoover. You can clearly notice the different opinions, as in source B, it says that the Wall Street Crash was the main cause of the economic Depression of 1929, the historian seems to be sure about it. And in source A, Hoover says that, as I have already mentioned before, the USA had absolutely no fault at all of the Depression. Because of these reasons, I can compare both sources and get to the conclusion that the historian of source B did not agree at all with the opinions expressed in source A. (iii) In my opinion, source B is much more reliable and trustworthy, because the historian who wrote that did it in 1984, and it had been a long time since the war finished, and he could analyze all the sources and evidence together. I think that is easier to analyze everything in â€Å"cold†, rather than in â€Å"hot†. I mean that is better to do it after it had happened, than meanwhile it is happening. Also, one thing that is very important is that the historian was, probably, more objective that the President. Because Hoover had so much pressure that he couldn’t say that the USA had the fault of the Depression even though he thought that it really did. So, I think that source B is more useful than the other as evidence of the causes of the Depression. (b) (i) One reason why agriculture did not share in the 1920sà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ boom was because of the loss of the European market. During the war America had shipped millions of tons of grain to Europe. Europe ha become the main market for American farm exports. But the First World War had so bankrupted Europe that few Europeans could afford to buy American farm produce any longer. Also, the tariff barriers put up by the Republicans to protect American industries made Europe poorer still so it could not afford American produce. Another reason is that American farmers were also struggling against competition from the highly efficient Canadian wheat producers. All of this came at a time when the population of the USA was actually falling and there were fewer mouths to feed. (ii) The Wall Street Crash began as a stock market and financial crisis, especially with the crisis of the New York stock exchange. In October 1929 the Wall Street stock market crashed, the American economy collapsed, and the USA entered a long depression which destroyed much of the prosperity of the 1920sà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. The depression passed from finance to industry and from USA to the whole world. Export of American capital came to an end. (iii) The Wall Street Crash lead to a collapse of the US economy because Americans, with their incomes low, couldn’t buy foreign goods. People couldn’t collect the money they were owed or the money they thought they had in the bank. People could not buy so factories could not sell. Unemployment grew rapidly: skills of older people grew rusty and young people had no opportunity to learn. This made the people feel discouraged and frustrated, so they turned to new and disturbing political ideas. Optimists, including Hoover, thought that the depression was only a low point in the business cycle, and that â€Å"Prosperity was just around the corner†. But others believed that the depression meant the breakdown of the whole system of capitalism. (iv) Hoover was regarded as a â€Å"do nothing† President. He tried to encourage the US export trade although without much success. Even more damaging to Hoover’s reputation, was how little he tried to help those who were suffering because of the Depression. He believed that social security was not the responsibility of the Government. Hoover appeared to be heartless and indifferent to the suffering of the American people. There could not be a greater contrast to Hoover than his opponent, the Democrat candidate, Franklin D. Roosevelt, who believed strongly in â€Å"active government† trying to improve the lives of ordinary people; had plans to spend public money on getting people back to work. As Governor of New York he had already started doing this on his own state. He was not afraid to ask on advice on important issues from a wide range of experts such as factory, union leaders or economists. How to cite The United States of America, 1919 – 1941 – Sources Question, Papers

Search and Destroy free essay sample

Cabins, Lance Vincent, M. ALL-A Search and Destroy The people of the state Utah, were shocked to find a murder which occurred in the night. Police came to the scene, only to the find the corpse off 5-year old girl. Apparently, the girl was murdered by her mother due to a heated argument and a mix of alcohol. The crime was not a surprise, but what surprised the people was the weapon used: A spatula. Quite an odd story isnt it? However, this was a real occurrence back in July 2005. That news is evidence that when it comes to crime, everything is a weapon. This meaner that even the tiniest object can be fatal against a person, and not only the bigger weapons such as guns. Many activists claim that through a total gun ban, crime rate would efficiently go down in the Philippines. Furthermore, they claimed that it would even protect the civilians and even prevent further crimes from happening. We will write a custom essay sample on Search and Destroy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Can a gun ban really achieve these promises? No. A gun ban has no significant connection to those promises and as such, a total gun ban should not be implemented. Those activists strongly believe that a gun ban would really reduce the crime rate occurred in the area. Their strongest claim was the result that during the electoral gun ban in the Philippines, there was a 70% reduced crime occurrences which were recorded. While one cannot dispute these statistics, it is highly doubtable that these reduced crime rates occurred because of the gun ban. Other factors might have affected it: The increased number of security personnel, the check-points, and the stricter enforcement of the law (Pangolin, 2013). Another issue that these activists wish to pursue is the idea that guns are the main source of weapons for crime. However, according to Basis(2010), guns only aunt as 10% of the crime rates even in the US, and that, although in a morbid sense of thinking, one could have better chances of getting killed by a club than a gun. This is further supported by Hearer(2012), as she stated, crimes committed through the use of firearms only comprised 10-12% of the whole crimes committed, as compared to other weapons. Still, activists argued that if gun bans are implemented, criminals would lose their weapons of choice. This is highly debatable as criminals, once they have been deprived of their weapons, would Just think of more ways to achieve their schemes and crimes (Pangolin, 2013). In addition, crimes are not only committed through the use of guns but in other weapons as well such as knives, and that implementing a gun ban would not stop the bloodbath but Just temporarily amend it (Sotto Ill, 2013). In relation to this, people often claim that through a gun ban, crimes would be prevented similar to the first argument, but in reality, a gun ban would Just promote or cause more crime. A data from the PAN Officials (2012) stated that, Gun Smuggling would inevitably heighten should a gun ban be implemented, Rutherford, Smaller(2013) said that, should gun bans be implemented, gun selling in the black market would be a popular occurrence in criminals. To support this, Cook ; Ludwig(2004) stated that there were no significant connections to the gun bans being able to prevent crime as crimes can still be carried out without the use of firearms. Loch ; Touch(2004) supported this as they stated that crimes are mainly in the individual and not the weapon. Furthermore, even police officials believe that a gun ban would actually inspire a sense of security and loyalty n the people since they can now fully rely on their officials. This is not entirely true. By implementing a gun ban on the public, the people would Just come to fear the police instead of being loyal to them. Once a police starts harassing you, you dont fight back because they have a gun, and you dont (Gagger, 2012). In addition, gun bans would not only cause fear against the authorities, but even denotes a perpetual hierarchy (Barman ; Kahn, 2006). This is because only those in position can own guns while those who are in the general masses cannot even dare hold one, which can lead to a further clash in social standings, further promoting injustice than justice itself. Lastly, many believe that a gun ban would actually protect civilians and provide more societal safety. Again, this idea is untrue for most aspects. A gun ban would not only violate the constitution of 8294, where citizens are free to acquire guns as a method of self defense, but even Jeopardize the safety of those unarmed civilians (Cook ; Ludwig, 2004). Because people are now unarmed, criminals can now easily prey on them, whereas, civilians are unable to defend themselves Panamanian, 2013). In addition, implementing a gun ban would be wrong for the legitimate gun owners who are licensed, and should the government provide a refund, it would take a large amount to compensate those owners (Basis, 2010). Furthermore, many would still argue that if authorities are the only ones who could wield firearms, then, they could protect the civilians. However, this is Just impossible as it would take a large amount of resources to mobile a small force to protect a small place, and it would be implausible that police personnel are guarding a place 2417. Sometimes, even family members would nestle guns in their homes to protect their loved ones because as stated, authorities are not always reliable as they are not always present ( Panamanian, 2013). As long as there is a sense of fear in society, guns will always be an option for self-defense. To conclude, a total gun ban does not have any significant connection when it comes to reducing crimes, furthermore, it only promotes fear and hierarchies in communities, and can even undermine the safety of the civilians. If people adapt the mentality of banning guns Just because they can cause crimes and murder, then people should Just start banning electricity because they can cause electrocution and death, or even ban fire because they can cause houses to burn down or swimming pools because they can cause people to drown. In its stead, the government should not ban guns but instead promote more efficient methods of controlling gun usage. As an example, increasing the standards of gun ownership licensing screenings, decreasing the gun caliber to those of only low gun types such as pistols, and imposing stricter laws on illegal gun usage (Linden, 2010). Furthermore, authorities hooked also root the problem to its core which is the smuggling of guns. I hope that in the near future, responsible gun ownership would be enforced because as an FBI agent once said: It is not guns that kill people.

US Federal Government Employee Benefits

US Federal Government Employee Benefits According to data from US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the federal government employs over 2 million civilian workers. That’s about 1.5 percent of the nearly 133 million workers BLS counted in all industries in the United States. Along with salaries or wages, employee compensation in the federal government includes benefits  such as subsidized health insurance and many more. Federal government employees enjoy a wide range of family-friendly benefits that go far beyond insurance and retirement. Each agency is free to offer its own benefits package. The following is a sample of federal government employee benefits. Federal Employees Retirement System (FERS):  Benefits based on the amount of service and salary history.Thrift Savings Plan (TSP):  In addition to the defined or basic benefits provided by the FERS plan, current federal employees can boost their retirement savings by participating in the Thrift Savings Plan (TSP). The TSP offers the same types of savings and tax benefits as a 401(k) plan.Social Security:  Credit earned while working with the Government. Retirement benefits, disability protection, and survivor protection.  All federal employees hired after 1983 pay Social Security taxes, including the President of the United States, the Vice President, members of Congress, sitting federal judges, certain legislative branch employees, and most political appointees. The government collects these taxes in the same amounts as they would if these employees worked in the private sector at the same salary level.Medicare - Part A:  Available to you at no cost at age 65.Federal Emplo yees Health Benefits Program (FEHB):  No waiting periods, required medical exam, or age/physical condition restrictions. Federal Employees Group Life Insurance (FEGLI):  Group term life insurance - Basic life insurance and three options (Standard, Additional, and Family).Leave and Holidays:  13 days sick leave each year; 13, 20, or 26 days of vacation leave each year, depending on years of service; 10 days paid holiday each year.Family Friendly Leave Flexibilities:  Flexible Work Schedules; Telecommuting; Family Friendly Leave Policies; Employee Assistance Program (EAP); Part-Time Job Sharing Positions; Child Elder Care Resources Adoption Information/Incentives; Child Support Services.Work/Life Programs:  Every Federal agency has an Employee Assistance Program (EAP), which has a goal to restore employees to full productivity. More specifically, the EAP provides free, confidential short-term counseling to identify the employees problem and, when appropriate, make a referral to an outside organization, facility, or program that can assist the employee in resolving his or her problem.Recruitment Bonus:  Lump-sum bonus to newly appointed employees for difficult-to-fill positions. Up to 25 percent  of basic pay may be paid prior to the employee entering on duty. A service agreement with repayment plan if service time not fulfilled. Relocation Bonus:  Lump-sum bonus for difficult-to-fill position in a different commuting area; up to 25 percent  of basic pay. A service agreement with repayment plan if service time not fulfilled.Retention Allowance:  Continuing payment to retain departing employees; up to 25% of basic pay.Employee Development:  Career Resource Centers; Training OpportunitiesStudent Loan Repayment: Permits agencies to repay the student loans of Federal employees; used at the discretion of the agency.Long Term Care Insurance Program: John Hancock and MetLife formed Long Term Care Partners, a jointly owned new company exclusively dedicated to serving the long-term care insurance needs of the Federal Family.Child Care Subsidy Program: Federal agencies, at their own discretion, can use appropriated funds, including revolving funds otherwise available for salaries, to assist lower income federal employees with the costs of childcare.

The Wives of Anthony the Great

The Wives of Anthony the Great Mark Antony was a womanizer and it could be said that his decisions were made by his wife, which was considered improper behavior at the time. The Roman emperors Claudius and Nero ran into trouble later for similar reasons, so although Antonys third wife Fulvia had what may have been good ideas, Antony was frowned upon for following them. Antonys debauched lifestyle was expensive, and so by an early age, he had accumulated tremendous debt. It is possible that all his marriages were carefully conceived to provide money or political advantage, as Eleanor G. Huzar argues in Mark Antony: Marriages vs. Careers, from The Classical Journal. The following information comes from her article. Fadia The first possible wife of Antony was Fadia, the daughter of a rich freedman named Quintus Faius Gallus. This marriage is attested in Ciceros Philippics and letter 16 to Atticus. However, it is an implausible marriage because Antony was a member of the Plebeian nobility. His mother was a 3d cousin of Caesar. The marriage may have been arranged to help with Antonys 250 talent debt. Cicero says Fadia and children were all dead by at least 44 B.C. If he actually married her, Antony probably divorced her.​ Children: Unknown Antonia In his late 20s, Antony married his cousin Antonia, a proper wife, to help his career. She bore him a daughter and they remained married for about 8 years. He divorced her in 47 B.C. on a charge of adultery with Publius Cornelius Dolabella, husband of Ciceros daughter Tullia. Children: Daughter, Antonia. Fulvia In 47 or 46 B.C., Antony married Fulvia. She had already been married to 2 of Antonys friends, Publius Clodius and Gaius Scribonius Curio. Cicero said she was the driving force behind Antonys decisions. She bore him two sons. Fulvia was active in political machinations and although Antony denied knowledge of it, Fulvia and Antonys brother mutinied against Octavian (the Perusine War). She then fled to Greece where Antony met her. When she died shortly thereafter in 40 B.C. he blamed himself. Children: Sons, Marcus Antonius Antyllus and Iullus Antonius. Octavia Part of the reconciliation between Antony and Octavian (following the mutiny) was the marriage between Antony and Octavians sister Octavia. They married in 40 B.C. and Octavia bore their first child the following year. She acted as peacemaker between Octavian and Antony, trying to persuade each to accommodate the other. When Antony went east to fight the Parthians, Octavia moved to Rome where she looked after Antonys brood (and continued to do so even after divorce). They remained married for five more years during which time they never saw each other again. Antony divorced Octavia in 32 B.C. when the confrontation that was to be the Battle of Actium seemed unavoidable. Children: Daughters, Antonia Major and Minor. Cleopatra Antonys last wife was Cleopatra. He acknowledged it and their children in 36 B.C. It was a marriage that was to be unrecognized at Rome. Huzar argues that Antony made the marriage in order to utilize Egyptian resources. Octavian wasnt very forthcoming with the troops Antony needed for his Parthian campaign, so he had to look elsewhere. The marriage ended when Antony committed suicide following the Battle of Actium.​​ Children: Fraternal Twins, Alexander Helios and Cleopatra Selene II; Son, Ptolemy Philadelphus.

The first machine age Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The first machine age - Essay Example In addition, the development of the printing press technology meant that the public had a variety of sources to get information from, apart from the church – all these changes brought a lot of inspiration especially on the arena of aesthetic (Banham, 1980). Just like the Machine Age, the architects and other designers had an assortment of materials to choose from, unlike in the ancient times when this was limited. Designers started to adopt things that they could call their own, and this led to the development of various artistic movements such as purism, Nouveau, De Stijl, Constructivism, Bauhaus, and Scandinavian. All these movements brought about a lot of impacts on different fields of visual worlds including architecture, furniture, graphic designs, art, life style, and so on (Banham, 1980). This paper will briefly discuss each of these movements and then delve into some of the symbolic examples from these movements, which have made a key impact on different kinds of conte mporary designs. Purism Purism was an alternative of Cubism, and was an inspiration of mechanization. During the machine age, two French artists (Amedee Ozenfant [1886-1966] and Edouard Jeanneret [1886-1965]) provided a response to the fascination and perplexity of pure functionality. The two artists expressed their belief in the significance of artistic rigour, impersonality and precision under the label of Purism. The two French artists who were later known as Le Corbusier sought a more rational elucidation of Cubism, beyond its symbolic and literary baggage and decorative or dynamic motivation. The aim of purist theory was to reinstate painting to an archaic purity in which case representation would be logical, geometrical and patently obvious. The aesthetic of industrial technology and machines was used to model this ideal of essentiality and efficiency in art, which Le Corbusier suggested as a possible repertory of plastic forms (Matteson Art, n.d). : Figure 1: Le Corbusier,  oil on canvas,  1926 The major objective of their work was to provide an illustration of collective values such as asceticism, order and lucidity. Part of their manifesto stated that the utmost pleasure of the human spirit was the recognition of order and the utmost fulfillment of humans was to be experienced in assisting in production, or being an essential part of this order. As shown in figure 1, their paintings were somewhat completely still life representations of domestic components including pipes, jugs, and glasses. Evidently described against a straightforward perspectives level surface, their works complied with a ‘a general grammar of sensibility’ that standardized creative relationships, simplified forms, and drew away emotivity and accident in replacement with chromatic fields and a synthesis of lines. In October 1920, Le Corbusier together with the poet Paul Dermee introduced a review in order to publish their purist and rational principles. This led to publishing of L'Esprit Nouveau magazine for 5 years on a regular basis, until 1925. This publication, perhaps, succeeded in making an original contribution to the avant-garde European movements, which worked better than the earlier repetitive paintings that were produced by Le Corbusier (Marshall, 2008). Art Nouveau Art Nouveau was a movement that was associated with decorative architecture and arts in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in Europe. This movement, which

Historical Documentary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Historical Documentary - Essay Example But one form of documentary was on an upwards curve even into the new millennium - the history documentary" Documentary films are non-fiction films which portray the events which have already happened and which are happening at the moment. This developed in time to be the historical documentaries which have entered a golden age in the literal sense of the word. This boom is attributed to many factors like the political changes, the crucial event in a country, the anxious arrival of the millennium, the unpredicted development of technology, and the accessibility of information. It is also due to freedom of information, favourable political and economical factors, the establishments of film archives, the regular transformation of the filmgoers and producers, prevailing nostalgia of what we left behind and the demand for more real historical events. Over and above these causes, the other noteworthy change was the co productions of history documentaries and political and economical conditions which added to the flourishing of these types of documentaries. "The documentary--whether it is a written account, a photograph, or a film--has long served as one of the primary sources for historians writing about the past as well as one of the key forms, historians use to communicate their stories about the past." (Professor Jill Watts -History 300B, spring 2007) Documentary film was actually born of the written and photographic tradition Initially, documentary films were just current events which had certain significance for the people living at that particular period of time. This created a genre of films which have a say not for the universal time but for only a period. This type of documentary would have had its heyday only when certain pulverizing events such as wars and political controversies took place. When the heat of the debate wears off, there is no more interest on the specific documentary anymore. History Documentary films have reflected attitudes and internal changes in British society for a century. British documentary as a notable movie genre surfaced around 1906. From then on documentary films began establishing a theme. The theme usually focused on the way of life of British working class and rarely touched on other types as well. An apt example of this is 'The Drifters' by Grierson The growth of Documentaries It is essential to note that the government and national agencies funded the production and distribution of such documentaries in the 1920s and 1930s. Popular agencies which got involved in this type of film making are the Ministries of Transport, Trade, Information, the General Post Office and Empire Marketing Board. The British documentary directors were all socialists and their documentaries such as Workers for Jobs by Arthur Elton in 1934, and then by Edgar Anstey in 1935 to devastating effect in Housing Problems for the Gas Light and Coal Company were technically advanced, using the latest film equipment in novel and exciting ways. They used synchronized sound-recording on location. Another important factor to note is that the 16mm film became standardized by Eastman and Bell & Howell in 1923 and the films were exhibited at cinemas as a

GA3 Producing Fusarium and its Impact on Growth

GA3 Producing Fusarium and its Impact on Growth Isolation and characterization of Gibberellic acid 3 producing Fusarium sp. from Belgaum agriculture land and its impact on green pea and rice growth promotion Abstract Worldwide ultimate aim of any agriculture sector or farmer is to take maximum yield. Sufficient supply of nutrients and fertilizer are not able to give maximum yield. There are numerous factors which are responsible for low yield, among that one is the environment stress or the unstable climate conditions. To increase the yield there are numerous approaches like use of genetically modified crops, but in India it is controversial approach and another approach is the use of multifunctional plant hormone like Gibberellic acid 3 (GA3). This research mainly involves the production of GA3 from fungal species and to apply it on crop plants. Fusarium species were isolated from Belgaum agriculture soil and screened for GA3 production under submerged fermentation. Strain showing maximum GA3 yield (strain M104) was taken to study the effect of various parameters on GA3 production, like incubation time (1 – 12 days), initial pH (5.0 -8.0), incubation temperature (20 – 40  °C), pH (5.0 -8.0), and carbon and nitrogen sources. The maximum production of GA3 was observed on day 8 at 30  °C, and pH 5.5 with glucose and ammonium chloride as good carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. After optimization, a 6.56-increase in GA3 production was observed. The GA3 production was confirmed by thin layer chromatography. The GA3 crude extract obtained using submerged fermentation was then used to study its effect on germination and growth of green pea plant and paddy crops. It was observed that GA3 treated crops showed uniform growth and they were taller than non-treated plants, suggesting its application in increasing the crop plant harvests. Key words: Fusarium sp, isolation, gibberellic acid, optimization, submerged fermentation, crop plants. Introduction Gibberellic acids, also known as gibberellins, are the complex organic molecules acting as plant growth hormones. They are chemically known as diterpenoid acids having molecular formula C19H22O6. They regulate the functions like cell division, cell elongation, sex expression, seed germination, breakdown of seed dormancy and flowering etc. In microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi, gibberellic acid 3 is the principal product of gibberellins, act as secondary metabolite (Bruckner and Blecschmidt, 1991; Karakoc and Aksoz, 2006). Till now, 136 gibberellins were isolated from various plants, and among that gibberellic acid 3 shows maximum biological activity (Rodrigues et al., 2011). The use of GA3 has been approved by food and drug administration (FDA) because of its tremendous application and nontoxic properties, and its safety for environment and human was confirmed by Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) (Rodrigues et al., 2011). In counties under development where mainly the economy relies on agriculture, the farmers have to use fertilizers and plant hormones to increase production. As most of fertilizers are associated with environmental pollution, plant growth hormones like gibberellic acid 3 have to be produced cost-effectively in huge amounts in order to enhance the quantity of agricultural products (Bilkay et al., 2010). Three routes to obtain GA3 have been reported, viz. extraction from plants, chemical synthesis and microbial fermentation. Among this the third method is the most common method to produce GA3 (Rios-Iribe et al., 2011). GA3 is industrially produced by Gibberella fujikuroi / Fusarium moniliforme under submerged (Santos et al., 2003; Karakoc and Aksoz, 2006). It is also produced by several other fungal species such as Aspergillus niger and Fusarium species and some bacteria such as Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Azobactor, and Azospirillu species (Rademacher, 1994). All above species produced ver y low yield of GA3 except Fusarium species in which most of the strains show the highest yield of GA3 than any other microbes (Rangaswamy, 2012). The search for new fungal species like Fusarium species capable of producing an important amount of GA3 is a continuous exercise. The aim of the present study was therefore to isolate and characterize a GA3 producing Fusarium sp. from soil, optimize the culture conditions for maximum GA3 production, and to evaluate its effect on green pea and rice growth promotion. Materials and Methods Soil sample selection To isolate strains of Fusarium, the soil sample was taken from Belgaum agriculture area (Karnataka state, India). This soil was black coloured having high water holding capacity, good fertility and also best soil for crops like paddy, all types of beans, sugarcane and all types of vegetables. Isolation of Fusarium species The soil sample collected from Belgaum agriculture land was taken, serially diluted in distilled water and inoculated in a Malachite green agar (MGA). Petri plates containing 15 g of peptone, 0.01 g of Malachite Green (triaryl methane dye), 1 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5 g of magnesium sulphate, and 20 g of agar per 1000 ml of distilled water were prepared. The incubation was carried out at 30  °C for 5 days (Castellà ¡ et al., 1977). The resulted various colonies were picked up and further inoculated in a potato dextrose agar (PDA) plate and incubated for a week for secondary pigmentation. The colony with different morphology and colour pigmentation were sub cultured on PDA slants and labelled (Avinash et al., 2003). The lactophenol cotton blue technique was used to study the characteristics of the fungal isolate (William and Cross, 1971). Screening of the isolates for GA3 production under submerged fermentation The Czapack Dox media (CD broth) containing sucrose (30 g), sodium nitrate (3 g), dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (1 g), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.5 g), magnesium sulphate (0.5 g), potassium chloride (0.5 g) and ferrous sulphate (0.1 g) per 1000 ml of distilled water was used. The CD broth was prepared in conical flask and adjusted the pH to 7.0, and sterilised in an autoclave for 20 min at 15 psi. After cooling the medium, it was aseptically inoculated (1 Ãâ€" 108 spores / ml) with individual isolated strains. The fermentation flasks were kept on a rotary shaker (100 rpm) at 30  °C for 12 days (Kahlon et al., 1986; Karakoc et al., 2006; Rangaswamy, 2012). GA3 pre-treatment, extraction and estimation The fermented broth was taken and centrifuged at 13200 rpm for 10 min and the supernatant was taken and acidified to pH 2-2.5 using 1N HCl. GA3 was extracted trice using equal amount of ethyl acetate/NaHCO3 (Cho et al., 1979). The ethyl extract was kept on hot air oven at 50  °C overnight to remove ethyl acetate and obtain crystals of GA3 (Kahlon et al., 1986; Karakoc and Aksoz, 2006; Karakoc et al., 2006; Bilkay et al., 2010; Rangaswamy, 2012). It was estimated by Berrios et al. (2004) spectrophotometric method and absorption was read at 254 nm in UV-VIS spectrophotometer (Elico, SL-159 model, India). Confirmation of GA3 by thin layer chromatography (TLC) The slurry of silica gel was poured on a TLC plates, air dried, and the matrix was activated by keeping the plates on hot air oven at 80  °C for 1 h. GA3 dissolved in ethanol was added as a spot and plates were run using mobile phase containing isopropanol : ammonia : water (10:1:1) for 2 h. The plates were removed, sprayed with 3% sulphuric acid containing 50 mg FeCl3 and heated in oven at 80  °C for 10 min. The GA3 appeared as greenish black/spot fluorescence under UV light (Cavell et al., 1967; Srivastava et al., 2003). Optimization of culture conditions for maximum GA3 production by Fusarium sp. (isolate M-104). The incubation time for GA3 production by the fungal isolate under submerged fermentation at 30  °C and at initial pH 7.0 was analysed by inoculating CD broth with 1 ml of fungal spores and incubating on a rotary shaker (100 rpm) for 12 days. The sample was taken every day as the fermentation proceeds in order to find the most suitable incubation time for GA3 production. The effect of pH on GA3 production was studied by adjusting CD broth at different pH, viz. 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, and 8.0. The cultivation flasks were inoculated with 1.5% (v/v) inoculum, and incubated for 8 days on rotary shaker (100 rpm) at 30  °C. The effect of temperature on GA3 production was investigated by inoculating the fungal spores in CD broth of pH 7.0 and by incubating at three different temperatures 20, 30, 40, and 50  °C with other conditions remained same. The effect of carbon sources on GA3 secretion was analysed by replacing the sucrose in the CD broth of pH 5.5 by dextrose, glucose, ma nnitol, and starch, and by incubating at 30  °C for 8 days. The effect of nitrogen sources on GA3 secretion was analysed by replacing the sodium nitrate in the CD broth of pH 5.5 by glycine, ammonium chloride and ammonium sulfate at 30  °C for 8 days. Effect of GA3 on pea plant and paddy crops Seeds of pea plants were soaked in 200 ppm of GA3 fermented filtrate for 12 h and then sown in autoclaved soil. After a period of 8 days, 100 ppm of GA3 was sprayed on the plant for each alternative day for another 8 days. The control was soaked in water and sown in autoclaved soil and sprayed with distilled water only. The growth of both the control and test pea plants was monitored over a period of 15 days. 10 paddy seeds were soaked in 300 ppm of GA3 solution for about 2 days and sown in soil. They were sprayed with 200 ppm of GA3 after growth. The control seeds were soaked in water for the same period and sprayed with only water. The observation was carried out for 25 days (Tiwari et al., 2011; Susilawati et al., 2014). Statistical analysis The experiments were carried out in triplicate. ANOVA and DMRT at 5% significance level were used to give the differences between mean values, using SPSS statistical software. Results and Discussion Isolation of Fusarium species Four strains of Fusarium species were isolated from agriculture soil sample and labelled as M101, M102, M104 and M110. The present labelling was based on following pigmentation black, grey, blue and red, respectively. All strains had cottony growth appearance which is one of the important morphological characteristic of the Fusarium species. By staining the fungi with lactophenol cotton blue dye, it was observed that they had non septate hyaline mycelium/ hyphae as shown in figure 1a. The macrospores of banana shape were reseptated which is a unique microscopic feature of Fusarium species as shown in the figure1b. The isolation medium containing malachite green was chosen since malachite green inhibits the radial colony growth of the saprophytes and allows only growth of Fusarium species (Castellà ¡ et al., 1997). Screening for isolates for GA3 production GA3 can be commercially produced by submerged fermentation using different media but the most common synthetic medium is the Czapack Dox medium (CD broth) (Rangaswamy, 2012). The isolated strains M101, M102, M104 and M110 were subjected to submerged fermentation to check their ability for GA3 production. The different amounts of GA3 produced are given in the table 1 and Figure 2, and the strain M104 was the highest producer of GA3 among the four isolates. Similarly, Aspergillus niger strains produced different amounts of GA3 with the highest of 150.35 mg/l for A. niger Fursan (Cihangir and Aksoz, 1993). Likewise, various amounts of GA3 were produced by Lentinus tigrinus and Laetiporus (Ozcan, 2001). Optimization of culture conditions for maximum GA3 production by Fusarium isolate M104 The optimization of cultural parameters like incubation time, temperature, and pH, and nutritional conditions like nitrogen and carbon sources, is necessary to produce GA3 in a significant amount. Time course for GA3 production by the isolate M104 was studied. GA3 production started on day 3 and maximum production was observed at day 8, although statistically at par with day 9 and 10 (Table 2). Similar incubation time was noted for GA3 production by Fusarium monilifome (Rangaswamy, 2012). 9 days was optimal time for GA3 secretion by Fusarium fujikuroi SG2 (Uthandi et al., 2010) and Fusarium monilifome (Kobomoje et al., 2013). In contrast, a higher incubation time of 12 days was observed by for Fusarium moniliforme(Kahlon and Malhotra, 1986) and Aspergillus niger (Bilkay et al., 2010). The optimum incubation time for GA3 production by various fungal species depend therefore on the strain used. The short incubation period observed for GA3 production by fungal isolate M104 makes the fer mentation cost-effective. Among all pH investigated, the pH 5.5 showed the maximum production of GA3 which was 1478.2 mg/L (Table 2). pH 5.5 was also optimum for GA3 production by Fusarium monilifome (Kahlon and Malhotra, 1986; Kobomoje et al., 2013) and Fusarium fujikuroi SG2 (Uthandi et al., 2010). Bilkay et al. (2010) reported pH 5.0 as optimal time for GA3 production by Aspergillus niger, whereas pH 7.0 was optimum for GA3 production by Fusarium monilifome (Rangaswamy, 2012). The effect of temperature on GA3 production was analysed, and maximum production was observed at 30  °C (Table 3). The production of GA3 by various fungal species was also seen at an optimum temperature of 30  °C (Bilkay et al., 2010, Uthandi et al., 2010; Rangaswamy, 2012; Kobomoje et al., 2013). 25  °C was also optimum for GA3 production by Gibberella fujikuroi (Gelmi et al., 2002). A low GA3 yield at higher temperature was also recorded for GA3 production by Aspergillus niger (Bilkay et al., 2010). A low GA3 production was observed at higher temperatures because metabolic activities get stopped due to enzyme denaturation. The decrease in GA3 secretion by microbial species was ascribed to the variation in enzyme activity or thermal denaturation (Karakoc and Aksoz, 2006). The effect of carbon sources on GA3 production was investigated. Maximum GA3 production was seen when glucose was used as carbon source (Table 2). Similarly, glucose was best carbon source for GA3 production by Fusarium moniliforme (Rangaswamy, 2012; Kobomoje et al., 2013). However, a mixture of glucose and rice flour was necessary to get GA3 production by Fusarium fujikuroi SG2 (Uthandi et al., 2010). When the concentration of glucose was increased, a decrease in enzyme production is observed due to catabolite repression (Tudzynski, 1999). After analysing the effect of nitrogen sources on GA3 production, a significant yield was observed with ammonium chloride (Table 2). Similarly, an important yield was seen when ammonium chloride was used as nitrogen source for GA3 production by Fusarium fujikuroi SG2 (Uthandi et al., 2010). A low amount was seen when glycine was used as nitrogen source (Table 2). This can be attributed to the fact that glycine is a slowly consumed organic nitrogen source (Rodrigues et al., 2011). After exhaustion of nitrogen source, GA3 secretion starts and an important amount of carbon source is consumed (Tudzynski, 1999; Rodrigues et al., 2011). The submerged fermentation for GA3 production by the isolate M104 was carried out under shaking conditions (100 rpm) to allow proper mixing of nutrients, favouring oxygen circulation and GA3 production. A 3-fold increase was recorded for GA3 production by Aspergillus niger when the culture flasks were agitated (Bilkay et al., 2010). Rodrigues et al. (2011) reported that GA3 production has to be carried with aeration since GA3 biosynthesis requires various oxidative steps catalysed by different oxygenases. After optimization, a 6.56-enhancement in GA3 secretion was observed Thin layer chromatography (TLC) After GA3 extraction, crystals of GA3 were obtained as shown on the figure 3. After carrying TLC, the value of resolution factor (Rf) of GA3 was calculated as follow: Rf = distance from origin to solvent peak / distance from origin to sample spot detected = 7.9 cm / 10.8 cm = 0.7315 (Figure 4). The value was closing approximate to the GA3 standard value. Similarly, an approximate Rf value was recorded for the GA3 extracted from Fusarium monilifome (Rangaswamy, 2012). The TLC was also used to confirm the GA3 produced by Fusarium solani (Bhalla et al., 2010). Effect of GA3 on pea plants It is was observed that the pea plants sprayed with GA3 was 7 cm taller than the pea plants without the GA3 within a period of two weeks (Fig. 5). Similarly, size of the lily plants was increased following exogenous GA3 treatment and this was attributable to the protein synthesis stimulation (Mahmoody and Noori, 2014). Likewise, the hybridized rice plant height was increased after GA3 extract application (Srivastava et al., 2003). Effect of GA3 on paddy crops All the 10 paddy seeds treated with GA3 were able to germinate and have uniform growth, colour and height and average height was 9.5 cm within a total period of 25 days. The untreated seeds were able to germinate and had unequal growth and average height was 8.5 cm (Fig. 7). Similarly, the shoot and root heights, and the yield of chana and wheat crops were increased after GA3 extract application (Pandya and Desai, 2014). After GA3 application, an important productivity was seen for hybrid rice plant, following a better plant growth and physiological properties (Susilawati et al., 2014). The GA3 application also led to a significant yield for faba bean, compared to Ca2+ ion, and this was attributed to the improvement of growth and photosynthetic activity by the plant hormone (Al-Whaibi et al., 2010). Figure 7: Effect of GA3 on paddy crops: Uniform growth (left) and non-uniform growth (right). Paddy seeds were soaked in 300 ppm of GA3 solution for about 2 days and sown in soil. They were sprayed with 200 ppm of GA3 after growth. The control seeds were soaked in water for the same period and sprayed with only water. The observation was carried out for 25 days Conclusion Four strains of Fusarium were screened from Belgaum agriculture land by using a selective medium malachite green agar. They were confirmed as belonging to Fusarium species by lactophenol cotton blue spore staining method. The GA3 production depends on nutritional and physicochemical conditions. Strain M104 showed the highest GA3 production in CD broth. After optimization, a 5.56-increase in GA3 production was achieved. The pea plant sprayed with GA3 fungal extract was taller than unsprayed one. The effect of GA3 on paddy seeds showed uniform and more growth than control (without GA3). The isolate M104 can thus be used as a potent fungal species for GA3 production.   

The Hunters: Moonsong Chapter Twenty-Five

Dear Diary, I can't believe what a fool I am, what a faithless, worthless fool. I should never have kissed Damon, or let him kiss me. The look on Stefan's face when he found us was heartbreaking. His features were so stiff and pale, as if he was made of ice, and his eyes were shining with tears. And then it seemed like a light went out inside him, and he looked at me like he hated me. Like I was Katherine. No matter what happened between us, Stefan never looked at me like that before. I won't believe it. Stefan could never hate me. Every beat of my heart tells me that we belong together, that nothing can tear us apart. I've been such a fool, and I've hurt Stefan, although that was the one thing I never wanted to do. But this isn't the end for us. Once I apologize and explain what a moment of madness he witnessed, he'll forgive me. Once I can touch him again, he'll see how sorry I am. It was only the adrenaline from coming so close to death, from that car chasing after us. Neither Damon nor I really wanted the other one, that kiss was just us clinging hard to life. No. I can't lie. Not here. I have to be honest with myself, even if I pretend with everyone else. I wanted to kiss Damon. I wanted to touch Damon. I always have. But I don't have to. I can stop myself, and I will. I don't want to cause Stefan any more pain. Stefan will understand that, will understand that I'll do anything I can to make him happy again, and then he'll forgive me. This can't be the end. I won't let it be. Elena closed her journal and dialed Stefan's number once more, letting the phone ring until it went to voicemail and then hanging up. She'd cal ed him several times last night, then over and over again this morning. Stefan could see her cal ing, she knew. He always kept his phone on. He always answered, too; he seemed to feel some obligation to be available since he had the phone with him. The fact that he wasn't answering meant he was avoiding her on purpose. Elena shook her head fiercely and dialed again. Stefan was going to listen to her. She wasn't going to let him turn her away. Once she explained and he forgave her, everything could go back to normal. They could end this separation that was making them both so unhappy – clearly, it hadn't worked out the way she intended. Except, what exactly was she going to say? Elena sighed and flopped down backward onto her bed, her heart sinking. Adrenaline from the car's pursuit aside, al she could real y say was that she hadn't meant for the kiss with Damon to happen, that she didn't want him, not real y. She wanted Stefan. Al she could tel him was that it wasn't something she had expected or planned. That Damon wasn't the one she wanted. Not truly. That she would always choose Stefan. That would have to be enough. Elena dialed again. This time, Stefan picked up. â€Å"Elena,† he said flatly. â€Å"Stefan, please listen to me,† Elena said in a rush. â€Å"I'm so sorry. I never – † â€Å"I don't want to talk about this,† Stefan said, cutting her off. â€Å"Please stop cal ing me.† â€Å"But, please, Stefan – â€Å" â€Å"I love you, but†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Stefan's voice was soft but cold. â€Å"I don't think we can be together. Not if I can't trust you.† The line went dead. Elena pul ed the phone away from her ear and stared at it for a moment, puzzled, before she realized what had happened. Stefan, dear, darling Stefan who had always been there for her, who loved her no matter what she did, had hung up on her. Meredith pul ed one foot up behind her back, held it in both hands, breathed deep, and slowly pul ed the foot higher, stretching her quadriceps muscle. It felt good to stretch, to get a little blood flowing after her late night. She was looking forward to sparring with Samantha. There was a new move Meredith had figured out, a little something kickboxing inspired, that she thought Sam was going to love, once she got over the shock of being knocked down by Meredith once again. Samantha had been getting faster and more sure of herself as they kept working out together, and Meredith definitely wanted to keep her on her toes. That was, it would be terrific to spar with Samantha, if Samantha ever actual y arrived. Meredith glanced at her watch. Sam was almost twenty minutes late. Of course, they'd been out late the night before. But stil , it wasn't like Samantha not to show up when she said she was going to. Meredith turned on her phone to see if she had a message, then cal ed Samantha. No answer. Meredith left a quick voicemail, then hung up and went back to stretching, trying to ignore the faint quiver of unease running through her. She circled her shoulders, stretched her arms behind her back. Maybe Samantha just forgot and had her phone turned off. Maybe she overslept. Samantha was a hunter; she wasn't in danger from whoever – or whatever – was stalking the campus. Sighing, Meredith gave up on her workout routine. She wasn't going to be able to focus until she checked on Samantha, even though the other girl was probably fine. Undoubtedly fine. Scooping up her backpack, she headed for the door. She could get in a run on the way over. The sun was shining, the air was crisp, and Meredith's feet pounded the paths in a regular rhythm as she wove between people wandering around campus. By the time she reached Samantha's dorm, she was thinking that maybe Sam would want to go for a nice long run with her instead of sparring today. She tapped on Samantha's door, cal ing, â€Å"Rise and shine, sleepyhead!† The door, not latched, drifted open a little. â€Å"Samantha?† Meredith said, pushing it open farther. The smel hit her first. Like rust and salt, with an underlying odor of decay, it was so strong Meredith staggered backward, clapping a hand over her nose and mouth. Despite the smel , Meredith couldn't at first understand what was al over the wal s. Paint? she wondered, her brain feeling sluggish and slow. Why would Samantha be painting? It was so red. She walked through the door slowly, although something in her was starting to scream. No, no, get away. Blood. Bloodbloodbloodblood. Meredith wasn't feeling slow and sluggish anymore: her heart was pounding, her head was spinning, her breath was coming hard and fast. There was death in this room. She had to see. She had to see Samantha. Despite every nerve in her body urging her to run, to fight, Meredith kept moving forward. Samantha lay on her back, the bed beneath her soaked red with blood. She looked like she had been ripped apart. Her open eyes stared blankly at the ceiling, unblinking. She was dead.

The Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka - 1435 Words

In Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis, readers are thrown into a fictional setting in which the main character; Gregor Samsa, transforms into a cockroach. As a response to Gregor’s metamorphosis, his mother and his sister patiently attempt to take care of him and make him as comfortable as they can. However, Gregor’s father’s love is challenged by Gregor’s drastic change in appearance and becomes less patient, acting in complete hatred towards his son. The Metamorphosis is both a cruel and tragic story because of the multiple scenes that portrayed a failing relationship between Gregor and his family. In the following essay, I will explain three scenes in particular that proves why I believe this story is tragic. The first scene that was specifically tragic was when Gregor was describing his feelings about his job as a traveling salesman. Gregor only worked the job he despised to pay off his family’s debt to his manager, â€Å"If I didn’t hold back for my parents’ sake, I would have quit long ago†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Kafka 4). He disliked traveling to so many places, eating meals at strange hours, the struggles he encountered with intimate relationships, and waking up early in the morning to avoid missing his train. Gregor was hardly recognized by his family for supporting them financially – after the failure of his father’s business – until he was incapable of contributing his paycheck to the family. He was expected to bring his earnings home without any consideration of spending it on anything heShow MoreRelatedThe Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka1052 Words   |  4 PagesFranz Kafka wrote one of his most popular books, The Metamorphosis, during the literary period and movement of existentialism. His novella stresses many existential ideals. The most predominant ideal that is seen through Gregor Samsa and his father in The Metamorphosis is that choice is the opportune of the individual. One†™s ultimate goal in life is to successfully find a balance between work and leisure. It is through the juxtaposition of Gregor Samsa and his father, the conceding tone of the authorRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka867 Words   |  4 Pagesincluding rapid growth spurts. Metamorphosis is a biological process by which an animal physically develop after birth or hatching. Involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt changes in the animal’s body structure through cell growth and differentiation. The author Franz Kafka, who relatively wrote little in his short life and who published less has been enormously influential on later writers. He is considered an export of German expressionism. The metamorphosis is Kafka’s longest story and oneRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka Essay1496 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The metamorphosis,† is a story by Franz Kafka, published in 1915 is a story divided in three chapters: transformation, acceptance, and the dea th of the protagonist. There are many interpretations that can form this tale as the indifference by the society that is concerned with different individuals, and isolation pushing some cases to the solitude. Some consider The Metamorphosis as an autobiography of the author, which tries to capture the loneliness and isolation that he felt at some pointRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka1246 Words   |  5 PagesIt can be hard to understand the meaning of the novella â€Å"The Metamorphosis,† written by Franz Kafka, without thinking of the background. Due to the fact that, â€Å"using† and knowing â€Å"[the] background knowledge† of a story is important to read a â€Å"text† (Freebody and Luke). In the novella â€Å"The metamorphosis†, â€Å"Kafka’s personal history† has been â€Å"artfully [expressed]† (Classon 82). The novella was written in 1916, before the World War 1 in German {Research}. When the novella was writte n, in the EuropeRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka1380 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"I cannot make anyone understand what is happening inside me. I cannot even explain it to myself†: A Psychoanalysis reading of â€Å"The Metamorphosis† by Kafka The Metamorphosis is known to be one of Franz Kafka’s best works of literature. It demonstrates the interconnection between his personal life and the protagonist, Gregor Samsa, of â€Å"The Metamorphosis.† Franz Kafka was born in 1883 and grew up in a financially stable Jewish family in Prague. He was the only son left after the death of his youngerRead MoreThe Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka656 Words   |  3 PagesMuch of Franz Kafkas story â€Å"The Metamorphosis† spends its time talking about Gregor as he struggles to live his new life as a bug. Gregor tries to find a analytical reason as to why he has taken upon this form but later on finds on that he has to accept the truth. From being an ordinary travel salesman and provider for his family to a abomination, Gregor becomes hopeless as he cant work or provide for his family. His new life as an insect causes a hardship as he is faced with isolation from hisRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka783 Words    |  4 Pages In the story â€Å"The Metamorphosis†, written by Franz Kafka, Gregor’s family represents the causing factor that prompts Gregor to become a cockroach. Gregor’s family is a symbol of a repressive structure that inhibits Gregor’s every thought and action. When Gregor gets up in the morning to get ready for work and finds that he has been transformed into a cockroach, he ponders about how maybe he should just go in to work late and get fired, but then realizes that he cannot because â€Å"if [he] were not holdingRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka947 Words   |  4 PagesThe Metamorphosis is a novella written by German author Franz Kafka which was first published in 1915. The novella tells the story of Gregor Samsa, a traveling salesman who one day awoke to discover he had transformed into an insect like monstrosity. Throughout the story, Gregor struggles with the horrible prospect of coming to terms with his situation, as well as copin g with the effects of his transformation, such as the fact that his family is repelled by his new form, and that he is no longerRead MoreThe Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka1021 Words   |  4 PagesFranz Kafka’s, The Metamorphosis, is a novella about Gregor Samsa, a man who devotes everything to fulfilling the needs of his family. Kafka’s existentialist perspective on the meaning of life is illustrated through the use of the protagonist of Gregor Samsa. Existentialism is a philosophy â€Å"concerned with finding self and the meaning of life through free will, choice, and personal responsibility† (Existentialism). Gregor is unable to fulfill the existentialist view of finding meaning in one’s life;Read MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka1050 Words   |  5 PagesOn the surface, â€Å"The Metamorphosis† by Franz Kafka is an evocative story of a man transformed into a â€Å"monstrous vermin†. It seems to focus on the dark transformation of the story’s protagonist, Gregor, but there is an equal and opposing transformation that happens within Gregor’s family. Although Gregor has physically changed at the beginning of the story, he remains relatively unchanged as the novella progresses. The family, on the other hand, is forced to drastically change how they support themselves

Why Did Crocodiles Survive the K/T Extinction

You already know the story: at the end of the Cretaceous period, 65 million years ago, a comet or meteor struck the Yucatan peninsula in Mexico, triggering extreme changes in the global climate that resulted in what we call the  K/T Extinction. Within a short period of time—estimates range from a few hundred to a few thousand years—every last dinosaur, pterosaur, and marine reptile had disappeared off the face of the earth, but crocodiles, oddly enough, survived into the ensuing Cenozoic Era. Why should this be surprising? Well, the fact is that dinosaurs, pterosaurs, and crocodiles are all descended from archosaurs, the ruling lizards of the late Permian and early Triassic periods. Its easy to understand why the earliest mammals survived the Yucatan impact; they were small, tree-dwelling creatures that didnt require much in the way of food and were insulated by their fur against plunging temperatures. The same goes for birds (only substitute feathers for fur). But some Cretaceous crocodiles, like Deinosuchus, grew to respectable, even dinosaur-like sizes, and their lifestyles werent all that different from those of their dinosaur, pterosaur or marine reptile cousins. So how did crocodiles manage to survive into the Cenozoic Era? Theory #1: Crocodiles Were Exceptionally Well-Adapted Whereas dinosaurs came in all shapes and sizes—huge, elephant-legged sauropods, tiny, feathered dino-birds, towering, ravenous tyrannosaurs—crocodiles have stuck with pretty much the same body plan for the last 200 million years (with the exception of the very first Triassic crocodiles, like Erpotosuchus, which were bipedal and lived exclusively on land). Perhaps the stubby legs and low-slung posture of crocodiles allowed them to literally keep their heads down during the K/T upheaval, thrive in a wide variety of climatic conditions,  and avoid the fate of their dinosaur pals. Theory #2: Crocodiles Lived Near the Water As stated above, the K/T Extinction wiped out land-dwelling dinosaurs and pterosaurs, as well as sea-dwelling mosasaurs (the sleek, vicious marine reptiles that populated the worlds oceans toward the end of the Cretaceous period). Crocodiles, by contrast, pursued a more amphibious lifestyle, perched halfway between dry land and long, winding freshwater rivers and saltwater estuaries. For whatever reason, the Yucatan meteor impact had less of an impact on freshwater rivers and lakes than it did on saltwater oceans, thus sparing the crocodile lineage. Theory #3: Crocodiles Are Cold-Blooded Most paleontologists believe that theropod dinosaurs were warm-blooded and thus had to constantly eat to fuel their metabolisms—while the sheer mass of sauropods and hadrosaurs made them slow to both absorb and radiate heat, and thus able to maintain a steady temperature. Neither of these adaptations would have been very effective in the cold, dark conditions immediately following the Yucatan meteor impact. Crocodiles, by contrast, possess classically reptilian cold-blooded metabolisms, meaning they dont have to eat very much and can survive for extended periods in severe darkness and cold. Theory #4: Crocodiles Grew More Slowly Than Dinosaurs This is closely related to theory #3, above. Theres an increasing amount of evidence that dinosaurs of all types (including theropods, sauropods, and hadrosaurs) experienced a quick growth spurt early in their life cycles, an adaptation that better enabled them to avoid predation. Crocodiles, by contrast, grow steadily and slowly throughout their lives and would have better been able to adapt to the sudden scarcity of food after the K/T impact. (Imagine a teenaged Tyrannosaurus Rex experiencing a growth spurt suddenly needing to eat five times as much meat as before, and not being able to find it!) Theory #5: Crocodiles Were Smarter Than Dinosaurs This is probably the most controversial hypothesis on this list. Some people who work with crocodiles swear that theyre almost as smart as cats or dogs; not only can they recognize their owners and trainers, but they can also learn a limited array of tricks (like not biting their human trainer in half). Crocodiles and alligators are also fairly easy to tame, which may have allowed them to adapt more readily to the harsh conditions after the K/T impact. The problem with this theory is that some end-Cretaceous dinosaurs (like Velociraptor) were also fairly smart, and look what happened to them! Even today, when numerous mammal, reptile, and bird species have gone extinct or are seriously endangered, alligators and crocodiles around the world continue to thrive (except for those targeted by shoe-leather makers). Who knows—if things keep on going the way they have been, the dominant forms of life a thousand years from now may be cockroaches and caimans!